1929 Hebron Massacre: newspaper s

12 AMERICANS KILLED BY ARABS IN HEBRON AS BRITISH TROOPS REACH JERUSALEM; ARMED MOSLEMS THREATEN NEW ATTACK; BROOKLYN STUDENT SLAIN Is One of Fifty Victims in Sudden Attack on Rabbinical College. TOWNS LOOTED AND BURNED Entire Colonies Are Wiped Out as Peasants Join Rioters in Outlying Sections. MARTIAL LAW IS ENFORCED Death Toll Now More Than 100 --Consulate Guards American Women and Children. 12 American Students Killed. Hebron Death Toll Is Fifty. Acts to Protect Americans. ARABS KILL TWELVE YOUNG AMERICANS Eyewitness Tells of Attack. Terrible Panic Follows. Crude Weapons Used. Herbron Was Undefended. Wexler was Chicago Youth.

By Joseph M. Levy. Staff Correspondent of the New York Times. By Wireless.

Aug. 26, 1929

August 26, 1929, Page 1

JERUSALEM, Aug. 25.--It is believed the crisis has passed in the Holy City with the arrival at 4 o'clock this afternoon of the first detachment of 650 British soldiers from Egypt with a full staff of officers, who are expected to take over the command of the city, patrolling every street and section.

https://www.nytimes.com/1929/08/26/archives/12-americans-killed-by-arabs-in-hebron-as-british-troops-reach.html

8 AMERICANS LISTED IN 70 HEBRON DEAD; Attack on Rabbinical College Was Savage--18 Killed in Banker's House. WOMEN AND CHILDREN SLAIN Newly Wed American Woman Is Seriously Injured--New Yorkers Among Killed. Some of the Resident Victims. 8 AMERICANS LISTED IN 70 HEBRON DEAD

From a Staff Correspondent of The New York Times. Wireless to THE NEW YORK TIMES.

Aug. 27, 1929

August 27, 1929, Page 1

JERUSALEM, Aug. 26.--The latest corrected reports of the casualties at Hebron give more than seventy dead. Of the 190 students in the Slobodka Rabbinical College, thirty were killed, eight of whom were Americans. Following is the casualty list among the Americans:

https://www.nytimes.com/1929/08/27/archives/8-americans-listed-in-70-hebron-dead-attack-on-rabbinical-college.html

Daily News from New York, New York - Tuesday, August 27, 1929 - Page:395

DAILY NEWS, TUESDAY, AUGUST 27, 1929

220 JEWS DEAD IN RIOTING MOSLEMS MOSLEMS HACK AND BURN VICTIMS ...

U. S. Acts to Protect Lives Of Periled Americans 

ARAB ATTACKS on Jews in Palestine continued yesterday, with the total dead listed at more than 150. in.. seventy Jews and forty Moslems were killed in fighting near Barhamnd. 'ATROCITIES by the Arabs include the hacking to death of men, women and children in their homes. SECRETARY STIMSON of the United States state department asked Great Britain to protect the lives of American citizens, of whom twelve were killed Sunday. A HOLY WAR throughout the Moslem world ..

https://www.newspapers.com/newspage/413070643/

August 29, 1929

The Waxahachie Daily Light from Waxahachie, Texas · Page 1

Thursday, August 29, 1929 Page 1

Moslem Warfare Against Jews Continues

Moslem strongholds, adding to the general alarm felt here after the Arabs began their holy war  upon the Jews of Palestine last Friday, a war which to date has taken a toll of more than 150 lives. The fear of the threatened ... known that the Bedouins utterly fearless and lawless, g race which is ... go for a whole week and which makes no distinction between Christian and Jew. JERUSALEM, Aug. 29.--The fury ot the moslems as they descended upon the Taltmudic students of Hebron with sword and dagger .. described to the .. Press Correspondent today ... Chlet Rabbi Sloaim of the Rabbinical Seminary, at j t«v here score» of boy» including 12 Americans were ruthlessly slaughtered. ' Rabbi Slonini .. his aide« knew that trouble was brewing ; and had tried to take precautions. But the Arabs swooned down suddenly and »o furiously that all caution went to waste. , “On the morning of last Jfrt- day,” the Rabbi said,.“Khaled Ibrahim A bn Khaled,, the .. servant of a Hebrom carpepter, Jacob Mizrahi, intimated that the moslems of Hebroh were contemplating a massacre of Jews. The carpenter immediately informed me. Accompanied by a delegation 1 went to the chief of police, who assured «me that« ...was quite safe and to disregard the servant’s warning. “At 11 a. m. the Arab attack began. They penetrated the Talmudic College, killed .. student and wounded another. The others escaped through the cellar to a neighboring house... Anglo-Palestlne company, collected the students in his house, because he was friendly with the Arabs, who had promised him safety. Eighteen students and my studemt led ap- and daughter-in-law passed a ^»Wicken by sleepless, disturbed almost terror- through stricken Friday night and instead ...

https://www.newspapers.com/newspage/87267352/

FROM HEBRON AND BAGDAD TO DUTCH GUIANA AND VERA CRUZ

Sept. 1, 1929

The New York Times Archives

See the article in its original context from

September 1, 1929, Section S, Page 2

THE news from the world's far places last week presented the spectacle of old civilizations reverting to the atrocities of "lesser breeds without the law," while younger Western nations carried on the "white man's burden." 

https://www.nytimes.com/1929/09/01/archives/from-hebron-and-bagdad-to-dutch-guiana-and-vera-cruz.html

CALL FOR HOLY WAR SENT AMONG ARABS; Anonymous Proclamation Found in Jerusalem Demands the Extermination of Jews. SUBURB OF CITY ATTACKED British Repulse Tribesmen at Talpioth--Synagogues Are Filled With Mourners. Arab Criticisms Met. CALL FOR HOLY WAR SENT AMONG ARABS Call for a Holy War. Hebron Arabs Express Regret. London Reports 236 Arrests. Four Warships in Reserve.

By Joseph M. Levy, Staff Correspondent of the New York Times. Special Cable To the New York Times.

Sept. 5, 1929

See the article in its original context from

September 5, 1929, Page 1.

JERUSALEM, Sept. 4.--The Jewish colony of Kfar Tabor at the foot of Mount Tabor was attacked and looted by a large band of Bedouins yesterday, it was revealed today.

https://www.nytimes.com/1929/09/05/archives/call-for-holy-war-sent-among-arabs-anonymous-proclamation-found-in.html

PALESTINE UNEASY DESPITE ITS QUIET; Conflicting Demands Made by Arabs and Jews as British Troops Are Reduced. BODIES AT HEBRON EXHUMED Committee of Doctors Examines 20 for Mutilations and Then Reburies Them. PLANE SETS 2 HOUSES AFIRE Lord Rothermere Urges Britain to Drop Palestine and Iraq Mandates as Dangerous. Examination Made in Tent. Palestine Tension Continues. Troops Being Withdrawn. Two Jewish Houses Burn. Battleship Ordered on Cruise. Zionists Formulate Policy. Rothermere Flays Mandates.

By Joseph M. Levy, Staff Corespondent of the New York Times Special Cable To the New York Times.

Sept. 12, 1929

September 12, 1929, Page 4

HEBRON, Sept. 11.--Twenty bodies from among the fifty-nine Jews massacred at Hebron were exhumed today and it was then decided not to proceed further, as it was found impossible to decide whether they had been mutilated, as contended by the Jews and denied by the Arabs. 

https://www.nytimes.com/1929/09/12/archives/palestine-uneasy-despite-its-quiet-conflicting-demands-made-by.html

MOVE TO ESTABLISH COLONY AT HEBRON; 500 at Memorial to Students Slain in Palestine Urge Support for Plan.

Sept. 23, 1929

September 23, 1929, Page 20

https://www.nytimes.com/1929/09/23/archives/move-to-establish-colony-at-hebron-500-at-memorial-to-students.html

SHEIKH INSTIGATED HEBRON MASSACRE; Taleb Maraka Told Arabs Death of Jewish Creditors Would Wipe Out Debts. ARAB DOCTOR SAVES MANY He Led Jews to Cafe and Placed Them Under Protection of Men of His Race.

By Joseph M. Levy. Special Correspondence of the New York Times.

Oct. 13, 1929

September 23, 1929, Page 20

JERUSALEM, Sept. 26.--Of the thousand and one tragic incidents that occurred in connection with the uprisings in Palestine the outstanding atrocity was the wholesale slaughter at Hebron, the ancient ... 

https://www.nytimes.com/1929/10/13/archives/sheikh-instigated-hebron-massacre-taleb-maraka-told-arabs-death-of.html

SHEIKH GOES ON TRIAL FOR RIOTS AT HEBRON; Ta Leb Maraka Accused of Inciting Them--Transjordan Chief Encourages Arabs.

By Joseph M. Levy. Special Cable To the New York Times.

Oct. 16, 1929

October 16, 1929, Page 10

JERUSALEM, Oct. 14.--In a crowded court room, the trial began today of the Sheikh Ta Leb Maraka, who is accused of being the chief instigator of the Hebron massacres. The case is being tried before two British ... 

https://www.nytimes.com/1929/10/16/archives/sheikh-goes-on-trial-for-riots-at-hebron-ta-leb-maraka-accused-of.html

SHEIK ON TRIAL SAYS HE IS JEWS' FRIEND; Taleb Maraka Denies That He Incited Mob in Massacre at Hebron Aug. 24. QUESTIONED BY COURT He Contradicts Witnesses for Prosecution, but Fails to Explain Failure to Pacify the Arabs. Contradicts Other Witnesses. Arabs at Nablus Embittered.

BY Joseph M. Levy. Special Cable To the New York Times.

Oct. 18, 1929

October 18, 1929, Page 4

JERUSALEM, Oct. 17.--The most sensational feature in the trial of Sheikh Taleb Maraka, charged with being the chief instigator of the Hebron massacre, was the testimony given this afternoon when the defendant took the stand. 

https://www.nytimes.com/1929/10/18/archives/sheik-on-trial-says-he-is-jews-friend-taleb-maraka-denies-that-he.html

HEBRON ARABS GREET JEWS; Voice Regret for 1929 Massacre and Promise to Guard Those Returning.

Wireless to THE NEW YORK TIMES.

May 26, 1931

May 26, 1931, Page 14

https://www.nytimes.com/1931/05/26/archives/hebron-arabs-greet-jews-voice-regret-for-1929-massacre-and-promise.html

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Year Zero of the Arab-Israeli Conflict 1929 - Hillel Cohen - Brandeis University Press, 2015

In late summer 1929, a countrywide outbreak of Arab-Jewish-British violence transformed the political landscape of Palestine forever. 

In contrast with those who point to the wars of 1948 and 1967, historian Hillel Cohen marks these bloody events as year zero of the Arab-Israeli conflict that persists today. 

The murderous violence inflicted on Jews caused a fractious--and now traumatized--community of Zionists, non-Zionists, Ashkenazim, and Mizrachim to coalesce around a unified national consciousness arrayed against an implacable Arab enemy. 

While the Jews unified, Arabs came to grasp the national essence of the conflict, realizing that Jews of all stripes viewed the land as belonging to the Jewish people. Through memory and historiography, in a manner both associative and highly calculated, Cohen traces the horrific events of August 23 to September 1 in painstaking detail. 

He extends his geographic and chronological reach and uses a non-linear reconstruction of events to call for a thorough reconsideration of cause and effect. Sifting through Arab and Hebrew sources--many rarely, if ever, examined before--Cohen reflects on the attitudes and perceptions of Jews and Arabs who experienced the events and, most significantly, on the memories they bequeathed to later generations. The result is a multifaceted and revealing examination of a formative series of episodes that will intrigue historians, political scientists, and others interested in understanding the essence--and the very beginning--of what has been an intractable conflict.

https://www.brandeis.edu/press/books/schusterman-series/year-zero-of-the-arab-israeli-conflict-1929.html

90 Years Ago: The Hebron Massacre of 1929. By Emanuel Miller, H.R., August 23, 2019

[...]

Jews of all ages were attacked at random – men, women and children alike were the targets of the fury of the Arab mob. Women were raped, children were bludgeoned to death, and men stabbed and mutilated....

Photographs from the time show a girl struck on the head by a sword with her brain spilling out, a woman with bandaged hands, people with their eyes gouged out, a man whose hand had been savagely amputated, and other grisly sights.

It’s important to note that some Arabs did try to help Jews as the Hebron massacre unfolded. Nineteen Arab families saved dozens, if not hundreds, of Hebron’s Jews."...

https://honestreporting.com/90-years-ago-hebron-massacre-1929/